Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part F (2025)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease, and albuminuria represents an early and sensitive marker of renal damage. Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to glomerular injury by altering hemodynamic, structural, and metabolic pathways, which ultimately increase urinary protein excretion. Understanding the relationship between glycemic control and proteinuria in hospitalized patients is essential for identifying early renal deterioration and guiding appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between metabolic control and the degree of proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized in a secondary-level care center.

Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted among patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the Internal Medicine Service of General Hospital No. 20 of the Mexican Social Security Institute. A total of 456 patients aged 40 to 80 years were included. Clinical and biochemical variables were recorded, focusing on glycated hemoglobin levels and the degree of proteinuria assessed through urinalysis. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, with a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Of the total population, 81.35% had glycated hemoglobin levels greater than 7%, and 71.27% presented macroproteinuria. A significant association was observed between poor metabolic control and higher degrees of proteinuria (p<0.0001). Although overweight and obesity were prevalent, these factors did not modify the primary association between hyperglycemia and urinary protein excretion.

Conclusion: Poor metabolic control is significantly associated with advanced levels of proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening glycemic control strategies and renal monitoring to prevent the progression of diabetic kidney disease.