Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part F (2025)

Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma that requires targeted treatment based on the etiologic agent and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile. This study aimed to determine the relationship between bacterial resistance and antibiotic prescribing patterns according to adherence to the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) in patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized at the General Hospital of Zone 20 “La Margarita”. A descriptive, observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Seventy-one patients aged over 19 years with confirmed pneumonia and positive sputum cultures with antibiograms were included. Patients with viral pneumonia, severe immunodeficiency, mechanical ventilation, intensive care admission, or pregnancy were excluded. Adherence to the CPG was 78.87%. The most frequent pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.2%), followed by Serratia marcescens (16.9%). The most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone combined with a macrolide and fluoroquinolones as monotherapy. High resistance to macrolides and good susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems were observed. No statistically significant association was found between CPG adherence and bacterial resistance (p>0.05), nor with age or length of hospital stay. These findings suggest that although guideline adherence is high, resistance to commonly use antibiotics such as macrolides persists, underscoring the need to adjust empirical therapy and periodically update treatment guidelines.