Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part E (2025)

Background: The preoperative physical status, assessed using the ASA scale, is an essential clinical parameter for estimating anesthetic-surgical risk and predicting perioperative mortality. In the obstetric context, intraoperative bleeding during emergency cesarean sections is a frequent and significant complication. However, there is little evidence directly linking the ASA classification to this specific outcome.
Objective: To determine the association between the preoperative physical status classification (ASA) and intraoperative blood loss in emergency cesarean sections.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, single-center, prospective study was conducted. The sample consisted of 209 patients who met the criteria from January to December 2024, using non-probabilistic consecutive sampling. Each patient was assigned an ASA classification. Bleeding was quantified by visual estimation using gauze colorimetry. Descriptive statistics were used initially, followed by inferential analysis using Pearson’s chi-square ($\chi^2$) test to determine the association, with a significance level of $p < 0.05$. Data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results: A total of 209 patients undergoing emergency cesarean sections were studied. Regarding the ASA classification, the majority were ASA II (85.6%, N=179), followed by ASA III (12.4%, N=26), and ASA IV (1.9%, N=4). Regarding intraoperative bleeding, 98.56% (N=206) experienced mild blood loss (500-1000 mL), while 1.44% (N=3) exhibited moderate bleeding (1000-2000 mL). No patient experienced bleeding greater than 2000 mL. The inferential analysis found no statistically significant association between the ASA classification and the degree of intraoperative bleeding (p-value = 0.534, $p > 0.05$).
Conclusions: No statistically significant association was found between the ASA classification and intraoperative bleeding in patients undergoing emergency cesarean section.