Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part C (2025)

Introduction: Perioperative hyperglycemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) are common in surgical settings and are associated with complications such as hypervolemia, acid-base disorder, immunosuppression, and an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. It has been suggested that capillary blood glucose levels may serve as an early predictor of AKI; however, clinical studies are needed to validate this association.

Materials and Methods: This was an observational, comparative, cross-sectional, prospective, single-center study conducted at General Hospital Zone No. 20 in Puebla, Mexico. Patients aged ≥18 years undergoing scheduled surgery were included, with perioperative capillary blood glucose measurements and baseline and 24-hour postoperative serum creatinine levels recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0. The Wilcoxon test was used for related variables, the chi-square test for associations between qualitative variables, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A significant threshold of p<0.05 was used.

Results: A total of 150 patients were evaluated (median age: 49 years, IQR: 37.8-60.0), 80% of whom had no comorbidities. A significant increase in postoperative creatinine (median 1.02 mg/dL) was observed compared to baseline values (median 0.61 mg/dL) (P<0.001). Among patients with hyperglycemia, 73.5% developed AKI, compared to 46.3% of normoglycemic patients (χ²=11.2; P<0.001). Hyperglycemia was associated with a 3.2-fold increased risk of developing AKI (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.6-6.4).

Conclusion: There is a significant association between perioperative hyperglycemia and the development of postoperative AKI in patients at HGZ 20, suggesting that capillary blood glucose could be considered a predictive marker of renal risk in the perioperative context.